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Resolution 59 – Vietnam’s Compass for Global Integration

The issuance of Resolution 59-NQ/TW on January 24, 2025 marked a turning point in Vietnam’s path toward global integration. The document goes beyond expanding cooperation; it affirms that national capacity must serve as the foundation for proactive, equal, and creative engagement with the world.

From isolation to deep integration

Over nearly four decades, Vietnam’s integration policy has evolved significantly. The 6th Party Congress took a cautious first step, prioritizing ties with socialist countries. By the 8th Congress, the doctrine of “diversification and multilateralization” allowed Vietnam to normalize relations with the United States and join ASEAN, ushering in a new era.

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Subsequent resolutions, such as Resolution 07 (2001) and Resolution 22 (2013), formally established “international economic integration.” Resolution 59 now goes further: integration is not merely about accessing aid, but about equal partnership and contributing real value to the international community.

National strength as the pillar

Unlike earlier approaches, Resolution 59 emphasizes “domestic strength” as the anchor of integration. This extends beyond the economy to include industry, culture, security, and society. Vietnam must be a reliable partner, yet not compromise its identity or blindly follow international norms. Building domestic industries, standardizing products, and applying international values to everyday life are placed at the forefront.

In a complex global environment, the resolution underscores the importance of safeguarding sovereignty, security, and adherence to international law.

Challenges and the need for new thinking

Vietnam’s integration journey has revealed shortcomings: weak competitiveness of domestic firms, overreliance on FDI, transfer pricing, outdated technologies, and environmental concerns. Resolution 59 sets out seven strategic directions to overcome these obstacles, with a focus on institutional reform and enterprise capacity-building.

Central to this effort is the National Steering Committee on International Integration, chaired by the Prime Minister, which is expected to act as the “chief architect” in aligning domestic laws with global commitments.

Enterprises as the driving force

Private businesses are identified as a key engine of integration. The resolution highlights the need to strengthen their ability to meet international standards, tap into new markets such as the $2 trillion Halal industry, and diversify products starting from the domestic market.

Mobilizing social resources to review trade defense measures, improve early warning of international standards, and establish legal support funds for enterprises is also crucial. These mechanisms aim to reduce legal risks and boost confidence in strategic markets.

Cultural values – the soft power of integration

Resolution 59 stresses the importance of projecting Vietnam’s cultural identity while engaging globally. Culture is not only a foundation for integration but also a link connecting overseas Vietnamese with their homeland. Protecting and nurturing these values ensures stronger ties that mobilize contributions from the global Vietnamese community.

In summary, Resolution 59 is more than a foreign policy directive. It is Vietnam’s “compass for integration” in a new era, affirming that true integration rests on national strength, independence, and a proactive contribution to the international community.

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